ICNND 2019 | Session on Neuroinformatics

Neuroinformatics is a combination of neuroscience and information science. It deals with the organisation of neuroscience data and knowledge bases of nervous system and application of tools and computational models for data analysis, acquisition, visualization and distribution. Brain mapping helps the scientists to know what the brain does and how various parts of the brain work. Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques used to view the structural and functional aspects of the brain onto a spatial representation called maps. Due to the advancements and research in the field of neuroinformatics, large amount of data is being analysed and interpreted using various tools.

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ICNND 2019 | Session on Neurosurgery

Session onNeurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a medical speciality that deals with diagnosing and treating injuries and disorders of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Neurosurgeons are trained in all aspects of neurosurgery, including the cerebrovascular system, the spine and spinal cord, trauma, tumors, pain management and paediatric surgery. Brain edema, seizures, postoperative hemorrhage, and cerebral ischemia can complicate neurosurgical procedures. There are many forms of neurosurgery including neurovascular surgery, key hole brain surgery, etc. Spine deformities can be treated by surgical methods. Spine deformities can be defined as the abnormality in formation, alignment and shape of the vertebral column. Spine stabilization surgery is recommended in cases where there is severe pain, neurological problems, or curvature greater than 50 degrees. The goal of surgery is to straighten spine. Several surgical techniques can be used, including spinal fusion (fusing the vertebrae together) and the use of implants to secure the fusion.

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ICNND 2019 | Session on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders results from the loss of neurons within the brain and nervous system. Neurons do not reproduce or replace themselves and hence when they die or get damaged, they can’t be replaced by the body. This results in Ataxias or Dementias. Dementia are largely responsible for the global neurological burden and Alzheimer’s disease is the reason for 60-70% of dementia cases. Major neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, Prion diseases, Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Hydrocephalus, Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

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ICNND 2019 | Session on Psychopathology and Psychoactive Drugs

Psychopathology is the study of abnormal behaviour. It may be defined as the study of psychological and behavioural distress, dysfunction and disability. Psychopathologic disorders can be both somatogenic and psychogenic. Schizophrenia is the most common psychological disorder and is characterised by hallucinations, delusions and disorganised thoughts. Psychosis is another serious mental disorder that have symptoms like false beliefs, sleep problems, incoherent speech and social withdrawal. Psychoactive drugs are the chemical substances that act on the central nervous system altering the brain functions temporarily. They can be used recreationally to improve one’s consciousness or as medications. Overuse or abuse of these drugs can result in addiction and other risks.

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ICNND 2019 | Session on Nutritional Neuroscience

 

Poor nutrition, particularly in early life, can have lasting effects on brain functioning and cognitive performance. Nutritional neuroscience deals with the role of various components of the normal diet like protein, carbohydrate, fat, dietary supplements like minerals, vitamins, hormones, and food additives like artificial flavours, colours, sweeteners on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behaviour, and performance. With nutrients affecting the brain development of humans, it is necessary to study the effects of meals on cognitive behaviour. Sugar is the major component of daily diet of most of the people and many people have developed addiction to sugar. Sugar is found to release opioids and dopamine and hence causes addiction potential. Addiction may cause neurochemical changes that are related to behaviour.  ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD have trouble in paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviours or will be hyperactive. Although ADHD can’t be cured, it can be successfully managed, and some symptoms may improve as the child ages.

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